Apparatus for use in uniting vitreous articles.



No. 770,221. PATENTED SEPT. 13, 1904.

F. M. F. GAZIN.

APPARATUS FOR USE IN UNITING VITREOUS ARTICLES.

APPLICATION FILED DEO.17. 190s. N0 MODEL. 2 BHERISSHEET 1.

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F. M. F. CAZIN. APPARATUS FOR USE IN UNITING VITRBOUS ARTICLES.

APPLICATION FILED DEO.17, 1903.

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like. 770,221.

IINiTEn TATEs Patented September 13, 1904.

FRANCIS M. F. CAZIN, OF HOBOKEN, NEW JERSEY.

APPARATUS FOR USE IN UNITING VITRE OUS ARTICLES.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 770,221, datedSeptember 13, 1904. Application filed December 17, 1903. Serial No.185,491. (No model.)

T0 at whom, it may concern:

. Be it known that I, FRANCIS M. F. GAZIN, residing at Hoboken, in thecounty of Hudson and State of New Jersey, have invented certain new anduseful Improvements in Appa' June, 1899, Serial No. 725,283, I haveshown an incandescent-electric-lamp bulb consisting of two envelops, theone fitting within the other and closing the aperture of the latter,while the aperture of the inner bulb is closed by a base. The apparatusis therefore adapted for use in connection with the method disclosed inmy copending application Serial No. 198,3i0, before referred to, forsecuring the bulb of such an electric lamp to the base; but I prefer toform the two envelops of a single piece and to form them at the sametime in any approved manner and to place around the aperture in theinner envelop a conical seat.

The apparatus for use in securing the base to the bulb in its essentialfeature consists in means for holding the two parts of the lamp incontact and for rotating them and of means for applying to the jointbetween the parts a stream of glass, either molten, plastic, orgranular, and also means for heating the parts adjacent to the joint andthe applied glass, so that the glass fed will be fused and becomeadhered to the parts to be united, whereby a tight joint will besecured.

My invention therefore in its detail nature consists in certainconstruction, arrangement, and combination of parts, as will behereinafter more fully described in detail and specifically pointed outin the appended claims, reference being had to the accompanyingdrawings, in which Figure 1 is a side elevation of my improvedapparatus, showing a lamp and bulb mounted thereon. Fig. 2 is a verticalsection of the bulbs and the bulb holders or chucks shown in Fig. 1.Fig. 3 is a similar view of a slightlymodified form.

To more clearly understand the use of my invention, it will be necessaryto briefly describe the parts to be joined and the method of joining thesame. The bulb preferably consists of a single blown piece and comprisesthe inner envelop 1 and the outer envelop 2, the two envelops beingunited at the base of the bulb, whereby the inner bulb closes theaperture which would otherwise be formed in the outer bulb, a conical orflared seat 3 being formed at the mouth of the inner bulb, the bulb inthis respect differing from that shown in my prior application, to. Informing the outer and inner envelops of a single blown piece and in theconical seat at the aperture of the inner envelop it is obvious that theinvention may be made of any desired shape. Within this inner envelop ismounted a luminant, which may be of the general character described inmy said application first before referred to and may be carried on abase 5, which consists of a crown 6 and stem 7, which by preference isthreaded to provide a convenient means for mounting it in a socket, thecrown part being surrounded by a conical shoulder 8, adapted to snuglyfit within the conical seat within the bulb. By preference the base ismade of glass or other vitreous substance and has in the hollow stemthereof fused glass 9 and is provided with an archway N, by means ofwhich the inleading wires 10 may pass to the filament, as more fullydescribed in my application, Serial No. 620,640, of March 7, 1899.

Such being the construction of the parts themselves, I will now describemy improved apparatus and the method in which it is used in securing thebase and bulb together and in doing so will describe it with referenceto the parts shown and described, although it will be understood that myinvention in respect thereto is not'restricted to such parts or evenuniting the parts of lamps; but it may be used in uniting other partsotherwise constructed. Generallyspeaking, the apparatus invented by mecomprises one or more rotating or Serial No. 725,283, before referredshaft parts having suitable bearings and means for imparting revolvingmotion to them and to the parts revolving with the same, also means forholding the parts and their edges in proper position to be joined. Themeans for heating and fusing glass in sealing preferably consists ofBunsen flames or blowpipes, and the invention also includes asupplemental heating means and means for modifying the air-pressurewithin the part or parts, preferably for exhausting air from the part orparts for which a joint or seal is being made. Thus this invention doesnot relate to the old art of glass-blowing, but mainly relates to a newart of glass-sucking.

In the preferred form of my invention shown in the accompanying drawingsthe shaft 11 is mounted in suitable bearings 12 to hold it in properposition with respect to its functional requirement, which position isnot necessarily horizontal, but may be inclined as its function maydemand, which shaftis provided with a pulley 13 or any other equivalentmeans for transferring rotary motion to the shaft or shaft parts and theother parts therewith connected. The shaft 11 is further provided with achuck 1 1 for receiving and holding the base of the lamp-bulb which isto be hermetically joined or sealed to the bulb part thereof. When thebase is threaded on the exterior face of its main body, the chuck may becorrespondingly bored and thread ed, as shown at 15 in the drawings.

For making a joint as stated the parts, such as the base and bulb of abulb-lamp, must be primarily held in the very accurate mutual positionwith respect to one another that they are intended to occupy in thefinished lamp. I have shown two ways of so holding these parts, thepressure used in either way being adapted to prevent breakage of glassparts by using elasticbufiers, preferably of rubber, to take up allexcessive pressure. I have shown two ways, for the reason that theairexhausting contributive action to such joint or sealing may bedispensed with when the apparatus takes the form shown in Fig. 1, andwhen air exhaustion is used as an accessory the tail end of theapparatus may be modified, as shown in Fig. 3. In Fig. 1 the tail-shaft16 runs in bearings 17 and carries a tail-plate 18 with elastic buffers19 to friotionally engage the bulb or bulbs and to press them in propermutual position against the base toward where they join in a conicalshoulder and its counterpart. In Fig. 3 the tail-shaft is not a part ofthe apparatus, a substitute therefor being shown in the conicaltube-stub of the bulb or bulbs and which revolves in the elastic rubberbushing 17 the latter serving asa bearing.

To reduce the friction between the conical tube-stub of the bulb and theelastic rubber bushing, I may provide any suitable lubricating device,as shown. The rubber bushing 17 is held in proper position in a slidingmouthpiece of a suction-pipe of an air-exhausting apparatus, which thenforms an accessory to my new and improved glass and soldering apparatus.The mouthpiece is connected with the exhausting-pump by an elastic joint17, valve-controlled, as at 17 and the said mouthpiece 18 is pressedagainst the bulb by the thumb-screw 18 as shown.

Heretofore in the art parts were joined by an expansion-joint processwhen the parts near a joint are at a temperature at which they are nolonger form-retaining or are in the state of fusion. when one or bothparts are'made to expand,though in some cases very slightly, and to fusethe one with the other as means for joining them. However. in my methodI join the form-retaining glass parts by means of a different or extraglass solder.

Heretofore glass has been soldered by using metallic solder, but not byusing glass solder exclusively. The advantage of glass solder over theuse of metallic solder consists in the all-glass joint having onecoefficient of expansion or contraction, while metal solderand glasshave been found unstable on account of the difference in theircoefficients of expansion and contraction. The importance and almostnecessity of this improvement in joining glass parts appears whenglowers, luminants, or filaments are adapted for use which in view ofother more important qualities secured must in part dispense withflexibility and which would receive life-shortening cracks by beingpassed through narrow necks, and consequently demand wide necks to theirbulbs and much longer hermetical joints not feasible or practical underthe methods of glass-blowing now in present use.

The means of providing for heating in my all-glass-soldering method andapparatus may be described as follows: First, it should be understoodthat when I mention blowpi'pes I do not refer to the blowpipe of themetallurgist, that ejects air exclusively; but I refer to an equivalentof the Bunsen jet ejecting simultaneously combustible gas and air oroxygen, or a mixture thereof, properly proportioned at the will of theoperator to produce an oxidizing or reducing flame and having meanswhereby the total quantity of ejected combustible gas and air may beproperly regulated to produce higher or lower temperature. In myapparatus I preferably use a plurality of such flames, regulating thefunction of each for a contributive purpose to obtain the final effectof making an all-glass solder-joint between glass parts that strictlyretain their former shape and dimensions in the operation. These flamesejected in various directions are arranged and suitably distributedaround the axial line of the apparatus and generally in radial relationthereto, although they may be disposed at various angles to the mainaxis. While this is characteristic of the flames which directly effectthe making of the glass-soldering joints, there are some not socharacterized in direction which perform the function of fusing theglass powder dropping or ejected from a hopper into a malleable-glassfillet, which fillet then assumes the function as soldering material. Ihave shown as a means for producing this glass fillet a hopper 21,adapted to contain glass powder of such qualities of glass as shallhereinafter be explained. The glass powder either falls of its owngravitation through a regulatable aperture controlled by a valve 22 oris ejected by suitable air or steam pressure in the direction of theintended joint, of which the different parts are successively brought tothe stable point where the glass fillet touches the line of joint.

My invention of all-glass soldering involves the use of the glass filletor band ejected as powder or in liquid or malleable or fused state froma hopper that may maintain the solder-glass in such state of fusion asis directly suitable to its intended function. The heat for maintainingthe molten state of the solder-glass in the hopper may be provided forin any suitable manner. It should be understood that when I use powderedglass primarily I preheat and fuse or melt or liquefy it before applyingit to the line of juncture, and for this purpose I may employ a blowpipe23, the flame of which is so directed as to intercept the path of theglass solder after it leaves the hopper, and preferably this flame isdisposed as shown in the accompanying drawings-that is to say, directedtoward the joint so that not only does it preheat the glass, but it alsoforcibly projects the same against the parts to be united. The apparatus being organized as before described and put into motion, the lampbase and bulb will be slowly rotated between the hopper, and allportions thereof will be successively subjected to the influence of theheating-flames. By properly proportioning the heating of adjacentpartsof the bulb and the base they can be brought to a propertemperature to permit them when the stream of glass from theglass-feeding means comes into contact therewith to unite with oneanother and with the latter, and thereby form a hermetical tight joint.The preheated or fused stream of glass from the hopper upon coming intocontact with the heated parts at the joint will adhere thereto and underthe impulse of the burners directed thereto and owing to the inclinationof the flame of the burners will be driven in part into the joint wherethe parts do not above described, whereby not only is the out-,

put of the machine increased, but the danger of cracking from unequalheating is reduced. It will be understood that after this generalheating in the heating-chamber the burners 20 provide for a localheating to a high temperature of those parts adjacent to the joint. Whenthe parts have been joined as above described, the heated bulb may betempered in any approved manner.

By preference I make the parts which are to be joined of a vitreousmaterial which will retain its rigidity at a temperature higher than thematerials to be used as the seal; but I further prefer that thetemperature of fusion of the two materials shall be such that when thematerial of the seal is fused the material of the parts to be joinedshould be in a state to cause cohesion between them and between them andthe sealing material.

I may by using boraX in any or all of the glass parts, including thesolder-glass, so fix their respective coefiicients of expansion andcontraction that they will be the same for all parts.

Preferably each of the blowpipes 20 is provided with means forregulating the heat produced thereby. so that the several flames mayhave their temperatures individually adjusted to produce the bestresults. Thus the burners which play on those parts of the jointsapproaching the point where the sealing material is to be applied mayproduce gradually-increasing degrees of heat, while the burners playingon the parts immediately after the application of the seal may producethe higher temperature necessary for the fusion of the seal, whichtemperature may be decreased in the succeeding burners.

The complete method of joining the parts forms the subject-matter of mycopending application, Serial No. 198,340, before referred to.

From the foregoing description, taken in connection with theaccompanying drawings, it is thought the complete construction,advantages, and mode of operation of my improved apparatus will bereadily understood by those skilled in the artto which it appertains,and I desire it understood that slight changes in the detailconstruction and arrangement of my invention may be made withoutdeparting from the scope of the invention and the appended claims.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim, and desire to secureby Letters Patent, is-

1. In an apparatus for securing vitreous parts together, means forholding the parts, means for heating the joint between the parts, meansfor feeding powdered glass to the joint, means for fusing the glass soapplied and driving it against the joint.

2. In an apparatus for securing vitreous parts together, a rotatingchuck to hold the parts to be secured, burners directed against thejoint, a hopper for feeding glass to the joint, and a burner fordirecting heat against the glass fed from the hopper and for forcing itagainst the joint and fusing it.

3. In an apparatus for securing vitreous parts together, the combinationwith a revolving chuck for holding the parts to be united, a hopper forfeeding glass solder to the joint between the parts, burners directedagainst the joint between the parts, and a burner directed against thestream of glass solder and projecting it against the joint, and meansfor sucking the solder into the joint.

4. In an apparatus for securing vitreous parts together, the combinationwith a revolving chuck for holding the parts to be united, a hopper forfeeding glass to the joint between the parts, burners directed againstthe joint between the parts, and a burner directed against the stream ofglass and projecting it against the joint, all being arrangedsubstantially as shown and for the purposes described.

5. In an apparatus for securing vitreous parts together, the combinationwith a revolving chuck for holding the parts to be united, a hopper forfeeding glass to the joint between the parts, burners directed againstthe joint between the parts, and a burner directed against the stream ofglass and projecting it against the joint, and means for exhausting theparts to be joined.

6. In an apparatus for securing Vitreous parts together, a revolvingchuck including an internally-threaded base-holder for receiving thebase part of the lamp, and a disk for engaging the bulb to hold it inposition against the base of the lamp, pads secured to said disk betweenthe face of the disk and the lamp-' bulb, a spindle upon which said diskis mounted, a shaft upon which said base-chuck is mounted, adrive-pulley secured to said basechuck shaft and bearings for saidbase-chuck shaft, and said disk-spindle substantially as shown anddescribed.

7. In an apparatus for securing vitreous parts together, the combinationwith the revolving chuck for holding the parts to be united, a hopperfor feeding glass to the joint between the parts, burners directedagainst the joint between the parts, burners directed against the streamof glass to project it against the joint, and means for maintaining adifferential air-pressure between the inside of the parts to be joinedand the outside thereof.

Hoboken, New Jersey, December 14:, 1903.

FRANCIS M. F. CAZIN.

